Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140:1543-1550
Copyright © 1983 by American Psychiatric Association
Chowchilla revisited: the effects of psychic trauma four years after a school-bus kidnapping
LC Terr
A 4-year follow-up study of 25 school-bus kidnapping victims and one child
who narrowly missed the experience revealed that every child exhibited
posttraumatic effects. Symptom severity was related to the child's prior
vulnerabilities, family pathology, and community bonding. Important new
findings included pessimism about the future, belief in omens and
prediction, memories of incorrect perceptions, thought suppression, shame,
fear of reexperiencing traumatic anxiety, trauma- specific and mundane
fears, posttraumatic play, behavioral reenactment, repetitions of
psychophysiological disturbances that began with the kidnapping, repeated
nightmares, and dreams of personal death. Brief treatment 5-13 months after
the kidnapping did not prevent symptoms and signs 4 years later.
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