|
| | |
|
Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140:11-20
Copyright © 1983 by American Psychiatric Association
Dysthymic disorder: psychopathology of proposed chronic depressive subtypes
HS Akiskal
The author develops a nosologic framework for understanding the
psychopathology of low-grade chronic depressions: 1) late-onset primary
depressions with residual chronicity, 2) chronic secondary dysphorias,
having a variable onset age and considered part of the symptomatic picture
of nonaffective "neurotic" disorders or reactions to longstanding
incapacitating medical diseases, and 3) early-onset characterologic
depressions, which include a) character-spectrum disorders developing in
the setting of tempestuous early object relationships and b) subaffective
dysthymic disorders, conceptualized as genetically attenuated forms of
primary affective illnesses. Differences in family history, REM latency,
and pharmacologic responsiveness are presented in support of these
distinctions. The author also proposes operational criteria to identify a
thymoleptic- responsive subaffective dysthymic group.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
D. N. Klein, S. A. Shankman, and S. Rose
Ten-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study of the Naturalistic Course of Dysthymic Disorder and Double Depression
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 2006;
163(5):
872 - 880.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Karp, D. J. Buysse, P. R. Houck, C. Cherry, D. J. Kupfer, and E. Frank
Relationship of Variability in Residual Symptoms With Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder During Maintenance Treatment
Focus,
January 1, 2005;
3(1):
161 - 169.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Ben-Noun
Mental Disorder that Afflicted King David the Great
History of Psychiatry,
December 1, 2004;
15(4):
467 - 476.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Karp, D. J. Buysse, P. R. Houck, C. Cherry, D. J. Kupfer, and E. Frank
Relationship of Variability in Residual Symptoms With Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder During Maintenance Treatment
Am J Psychiatry,
October 1, 2004;
161(10):
1877 - 1884.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. KENNEDY, R. ABBOTT, and E. S. PAYKEL
Longitudinal syndromal and sub-syndromal symptoms after severe depression: 10-year follow-up study
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
April 1, 2004;
184(4):
330 - 336.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Ben-Noun
What was the Mental Disease that Afflicted King Saul?
Clinical Case Studies,
October 1, 2003;
2(4):
270 - 282.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. P. Hayden and D. N. Klein
Outcome of Dysthymic Disorder at 5-Year Follow-Up: The Effect of Familial Psychopathology, Early Adversity, Personality, Comorbidity, and Chronic Stress
Am J Psychiatry,
November 1, 2001;
158(11):
1864 - 1870.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Kwon, Y.-M. Kim, C.-G. Chang, B.-J. Park, L. Kim, D. J. Yoon, W.-S. Han, H.-J. Lee, and I. K. Lyoo
Three-Year Follow-Up of Women With the Sole Diagnosis of Depressive Personality Disorder: Subsequent Development of Dysthymia and Major Depression
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 2000;
157(12):
1966 - 1972.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Phillips, J. G. Gunderson, J. Triebwasser, C. R. Kimble, G. Faedda, I. K. Lyoo, and J. Renn
Reliability and Validity of Depressive Personality Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
August 1, 1998;
155(8):
1044 - 1048.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Judd, H. S. Akiskal, J. D. Maser, P. J. Zeller, J. Endicott, W. Coryell, M. P. Paulus, J. L. Kunovac, A. C. Leon, T. I. Mueller, et al.
A Prospective 12-Year Study of Subsyndromal and Syndromal Depressive Symptoms in Unipolar Major Depressive Disorders
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
August 1, 1998;
55(8):
694 - 700.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kumar, Z. Jin, W. Bilker, J. Udupa, and G. Gottlieb
Late-onset minor and major depression: early evidence for common neuroanatomical substrates detected by using MRI
PNAS,
June 23, 1998;
95(13):
7654 - 7658.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Judd
The Clinical Course of Unipolar Major Depressive Disorders
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
November 1, 1997;
54(11):
989 - 991.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Thase, M. Fava, U. Halbreich, J. H. Kocsis, L. Koran, J. Davidson, J. Rosenbaum, and W. Harrison
A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Sertraline and Imipramine for the Treatment of Dysthymia
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
September 1, 1996;
53(9):
777 - 784.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. N. Klein, L. P. Riso, S. K. Donaldson, J. E. Schwartz, R. L. Anderson, P. C. Ouimette, H. Lizardi, and T. A. Aronson
Family Study of Early-Onset Dysthymia: Mood and Personality Disorders in Relatives of Outpatients With Dysthymia and Episodic Major Depression and Normal Controls
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
June 1, 1995;
52(6):
487 - 496.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kovacs, H. S. Akiskal, C. Gatsonis, and P. L. Parrone
Childhood-Onset Dysthymic Disorder: Clinical Features and Prospective Naturalistic Outcome
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
May 1, 1994;
51(5):
365 - 374.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Turner
Alcoholism and Depression in Women
Affilia,
October 1, 1992;
7(3):
8 - 22.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Wells, M. A. Burnam, W. Rogers, R. Hays, and P. Camp
The Course of Depression in Adult Outpatients: Results From the Medical Outcomes Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
October 1, 1992;
49(10):
788 - 794.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Rosenzweig and J. D. Amsterdam
Treatment-resistant depression: additional perspectives
J Psychopharmacol,
January 1, 1992;
6(2):
167 - 171.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Breslau
Does Brain Dysfunction Increase Children's Vulnerability to Environmental Stress?
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
January 1, 1990;
47(1):
15 - 20.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Rohrbaugh, D. E. Sholomskas, and E. L. Giller Jr
Lifetime Course of Chronic Depression in Older Men
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol,
April 1, 1989;
2(2):
89 - 95.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Spitzer and J. B. W. Williams
Having a Dream: A Research Strategy for DSM-IV
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
September 1, 1988;
45(9):
871 - 874.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. G. Simons
Psychoanalytic Contributions to Psychiatric Nosology: Forms of Masochistic Behavior
J Am Psychoanal Assoc,
June 1, 1987;
35(3):
583 - 608.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. H. Wender, S. S. Kety, D. Rosenthal, F. Schulsinger, J. Ortmann, and I. Lunde
Psychiatric Disorders in the Biological and Adoptive Families of Adopted Individuals With Affective Disorders
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
October 1, 1986;
43(10):
923 - 929.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. N. Klein, R. A. Depue, and J. F. Slater
Inventory Identification of Cyclothymia: IX. Validation in Offspring of Bipolar I Patients
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
May 1, 1986;
43(5):
441 - 445.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Livingston
Depressive Illness and Learning Difficulties: Research Needs and Practical Implications.
J Learn Disabil,
November 1, 1985;
18(9):
518 - 520.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Akiskal, J. Downs, P. Jordan, S. Watson, D. Daugherty, and D. B. Pruitt
Affective Disorders in Referred Children and Younger Siblings of Manic-Depressives: Mode of Onset and Prospective Course
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
October 1, 1985;
42(10):
996 - 1003.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Kirmayer
Culture, Affect and Somatization: Part I
Transcultural Psychiatry,
January 1, 1984;
21(3):
159 - 188.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Weissman, E. S. Gershon, K. K. Kidd, B. A. Prusoff, J. F. Leckman, E. Dibble, J. Hamovit, W. D. Thompson, D. L. Pauls, and J. J. Guroff
Psychiatric Disorders in the Relatives of Probands With Affective Disorders: The Yale University--National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
January 1, 1984;
41(1):
13 - 21.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Akiskal, R. M. A. Hirschfeld, and B. I. Yerevanian
The Relationship of Personality to Affective Disorders: A Critical Review
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
July 1, 1983;
40(7):
801 - 810.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1983
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
