Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133:609-621
Copyright © 1976 by American Psychiatric Association
The syndrome of autism: a critical review
EM Ornitz and ER Ritvo
The authors review the clinical features and behavioral characteristics of
autism; differential diagnosis of the syndrome; clinical,
neurophysiological, and biochemical research; and its medical management
and treatment. They conclude that autism is a behaviorally defined,
specific syndrome that is manifested at birth or shortly thereafter. Its
symptoms are expressive of an underlying neuropathophysiological process
that affects developmental rate; modulation of perception; language,
cognitive, and intellectual development; and the ability to relate. The
long-term prognosis is guarded; almost all patients manifest severe
symptomatology throughout their lives. Further basic research into the
neuropathophysiological process underlying the syndrome is necessary in
order to reach the ultimate goal of developing etiologically specific
treatment programs.
