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Am J Psychiatry 126:983-987, January 1970
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.126.7.983
© 1970 American Psychiatric Association
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Establishment of Diagnostic Validity in Psychiatric Illness: Its Application to Schizophrenia

ELI ROBINS M.D.1, and SAMUEL B. GUZE M.D.2

1 Wallace Renard professor and head of the department, psychiatrist-in-chief, Barnes and Renard Hospitals, department of psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4940 Audubon Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 63110
2 Professor, associate psychiatrist, department of psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4940 Audubon Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 63110

A method for achieving diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness is described, consisting of five phases: clinical description, laboratory study, exclusion of other disorders, follow-up study, and family study. The method was applied in this paper to patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and it was shown by follow-up and family studies that poor prognosis cases can be validly separated clinically from good prognosis cases. The authors conclude that good prognosis "schizophrenia" is not mild schizophrenia, but a different illness.




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D. A. Regier, C. T. Kaelber, D. S. Rae, M. E. Farmer, B. Knauper, R. C. Kessler, and G. S. Norquist
Limitations of Diagnostic Criteria and Assessment Instruments for Mental Disorders: Implications for Research and Policy
Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 1998; 55(2): 109 - 115.
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F. K. Goodwin and S. N. Ghaemi
Understanding Manic-depressive Illness
Arch Gen Psychiatry, January 1, 1998; 55(1): 23 - 25.
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M. Weiss
Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC): Framework for Comparative Study of Illness
Transcultural Psychiatry, June 1, 1997; 34(2): 235 - 263.
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K. S. Kendler, L. J. Eaves, E. E. Walters, M. C. Neale, A. C. Heath, and R. C. Kessler
The Identification and Validation of Distinct Depressive Syndromes in a Population-Based Sample of Female Twins
Arch Gen Psychiatry, May 1, 1996; 53(5): 391 - 399.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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D. N. Klein, L. P. Riso, S. K. Donaldson, J. E. Schwartz, R. L. Anderson, P. C. Ouimette, H. Lizardi, and T. A. Aronson
Family Study of Early-Onset Dysthymia: Mood and Personality Disorders in Relatives of Outpatients With Dysthymia and Episodic Major Depression and Normal Controls
Arch Gen Psychiatry, June 1, 1995; 52(6): 487 - 496.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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E. Susser and J. Wanderling
Epidemiology of Nonaffective Acute Remitting Psychosis vs Schizophrenia: Sex and Sociocultural Setting
Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 1994; 51(4): 294 - 301.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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K. S. Kendler
Diagnostic Validity in Genetics Research on Generalized Anxiety Disorder-Reply
Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 1993; 50(11): 916 - 917.
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K. S. Kendler, M. McGuire, A. M. Gruenberg, M. Spellman, A. O'Hare, and D. Walsh
The Roscommon Family Study: II. The Risk of Nonschizophrenic Nonaffective Psychoses in Relatives
Arch Gen Psychiatry, August 1, 1993; 50(8): 645 - 652.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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K. S. Kendler, M. C. Neale, R. C. Kessler, A. C. Heath, and L. J. Eaves
Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Women: A Population-Based Twin Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 1992; 49(4): 267 - 272.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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T. H. McGlashan and W. S. Fenton
The Positive-Negative Distinction in Schizophrenia: Review of Natural History Validators
Arch Gen Psychiatry, January 1, 1992; 49(1): 63 - 72.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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C. F. Duggan, A. S. Lee, and R. M. Murray
Do Different Subtypes of Hospitalized Depressives Have Different Long-term Outcomes?
Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 1991; 48(4): 308 - 312.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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K. S. Kendler
Mood-Incongruent Psychotic Affective Illness: A Historical and Empirical Review
Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 1991; 48(4): 362 - 369.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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K. S. Kendler
Toward a Scientific Psychiatric Nosology: Strengths and Limitations
Arch Gen Psychiatry, October 1, 1990; 47(10): 969 - 973.
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