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Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.130.10.1088

A parallel is drawn between several behavioral constellations observed in the evolution of the human amphetamine psychosis and the motor-postural-attitudinal manifestations induced in animals by chronic amphetamine intoxication. On the basis of the results reported, a triple-layered model of psychosis is suggested and the roles played by participating neurotransmitters and mechanisms are further elaborated.

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