Women with bipolar disorder who reported having premenstrual exacerbation of mood symptoms had more depressive episodes and more severe symptoms over 1 year of follow-up than bipolar women without premenstrual mood changes. Among the 293 women studied by Dias et al. (p. 386), those with premenstrual exacerbation had greater severity of both depressive and manic/hypomanic symptoms. They also had shorter gaps between symptomatic intervals but were no more likely to have rapid cycling. The data demonstrate, states Payne in an editorial (p. 344), that the biggest risk factor for future bipolar illness is not achieving full remission.

The full UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment emerged as the front-runner among nine functionally relevant measures proposed for clinical trials of cognition-enhancing medications for schizophrenia. In addition to tests of cognition, the Food and Drug Administration requires a functionally meaningful coprimary outcome measure, but validated tests for this purpose have been lacking. Green et al. (CME, p. 400) describe a multiple-site study comparing five full instruments and four short forms administered to 166 patients with schizophrenia. The full forms of performance-based measures had stronger test properties than short forms or interview-based tests. All of the measures had acceptable test-retest reliability and were well tolerated, but correlations with community functioning were relatively low in all cases. Performance-based tests had stronger correlations with cognitive performance.

Combat stress reactions in U.S. military personnel serving in Iraq were 29% less common among three infantry brigades screened for mental health conditions before deployment than among three unscreened brigades. Also, the rate of other psychiatric or behavioral problems during deployment was 78% lower in the screened brigades, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors were about half as common. Outcomes of the new Army program are reported by Warner et al. (CME, p. 378) for more than 20,000 soldiers in the 2007—2008 surge of forces in Iraq. In addition to determining fitness for deployment, the program creates follow-up plans to ensure continuity of care for deploying soldiers with mental health needs. The editorial by Hicks (p. 341) notes the value of recent changes in U.S. military programs that link mental health screening directly with proactive mental health care during the soldiers' deployment.