A 3p26-3p25 Genetic Linkage Finding for DSM-IV Major Depression in Heavy Smoking Families
- Michele L. Pergadia,
Ph.D. , - Anne L. Glowinski,
M.D., M.P.E. , - Naomi R. Wray,
Ph.D. , - Arpana Agrawal,
Ph.D. , - Scott F. Saccone,
Ph.D. , - Anu Loukola,
Ph.D. , - Ulla Broms,
Ph.D. , - Tellervo Korhonen,
Ph.D. , - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx,
Ph.D. , - Julia D. Grant,
Ph.D. , - Elliot C. Nelson,
M.D. , - Anjali K. Henders,
B.Sc. (Hons.) , - Andrew J. Schrage,
M.S. , - Yi-Ling Chou,
M.S. , - Kaisu Keskitalo-Vuokko,
Ph.D. , - Qin Zhu,
M.S. , - Scott D. Gordon,
Ph.D. , - Jacqueline M. Vink,
Ph.D. , - Eco J.C. de Geus,
Ph.D. , - Stuart MacGregor,
Ph.D. , - Jimmy Z. Liu,
B.Sc. (Hons.) , - Gonneke Willemsen,
Ph.D. , - Sarah E. Medland,
Ph.D. , - Dorret I. Boomsma,
Ph.D. , - Grant W. Montgomery,
Ph.D. , - John P. Rice,
Ph.D. , - Alison M. Goate,
D.Phil. , - Andrew C. Heath,
D.Phil. , - Jaakko Kaprio,
M.D., Ph.D. , - Nicholas G. Martin,
Ph.D. , and - Pamela A.F. Madden,
Ph.D.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis; the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; and the Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
Abstract
Objective:
The authors tested for genetic linkage of DSM-IV-diagnosed major depressive disorder in families that were ascertained for cigarette smoking.
Method:
Within a study that targeted families characterized by a history of smoking, analyses derived a subset of 91 Australian families with two or more offspring with a history of DSM-IV major depressive disorder (affected sibling pairs, N=187) and 25 Finnish families (affected sibling pairs, N=33). Within this affected sibling pairs design, the authors conducted nonparametric linkage analysis.
Results:
In the Australian heavy smoking families, the authors found a genome-wide significant multipoint LOD score of 4.14 for major depressive disorder on chromosome 3 at 24.9 cM (3p26-3p25).
Conclusions:
Genome-wide significant linkage was detected for major depressive disorder on chromosome 3p in a sample ascertained for smoking. A linkage peak at this location was also observed in an independent study of major depressive disorder.