To the Editor: Amanda J. Law, Ph.D., et al. R1627CIHICGEG reported decreased mRNA for spinophilin in the hippocampal formation in patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders. The potential implications of this abnormality are curious since spinophilin is involved in limiting or decreasing the length of dendritic spines. Spinophilin immunoreactivity is predominantly (although not exclusively) localized to dendritic spines R1627CIHJIHBI, for which it is a meaningful marker, with hippocampal spine density and spinophilin immunoreactivity both increasing in response to estrogen R1627CIHGHAGC. However, spinophilin is not necessary for the formation of spines, which are increased in density in young spinophilin knockout mice or for their removal, since spine density returns to normal when such animals mature R1627CIHFCIED.

Spinophilin links protein phosphatase-1 to actin. Dephosphorylation of actin by protein phosphatase-1 leads to its disassembly R1627CIHCAJIB, so the targeting of protein phosphatase-1 to actin is likely to result in fewer or shorter dendritic spines. Linking protein phosphatase-1 to actin also promotes dephosphorylation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors R1627CIHFCIED. The subsequent decrease in the activity of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors should decrease calcium influx into the spine, reducing the phosphorylation of spinophilin by calcium-calmodulin kinase II and thereby enhancing its affinity for actin R1627CIHBGFGD.

The reported subicular decrease in spinophilin mRNA in schizophrenia is approximately 30% R1627CIHICGEG. We observed a decrease of 75%–80% in the density of apical dendritic spines (plus a more modest decrease in apical dendritic arborization) R1627CIHBGJIF, but the density of spines on basilar dendrites has not been measured. If the diminished pool of mRNA is supporting the synthesis of spinophilin for an even more diminished set of dendritic spines, increased synthesis of spinophilin, on a per-spine basis, might function to keep spine density reduced. Posttranscriptional mechanisms are also likely, as evidenced by estrogen-induced increases in spine density and spinophilin immunoreactivity, without altered levels of spinophilin mRNA R1627CIHGHAGC.