Within each category, the book presents the history of the attempts at treatment for each substance, the characteristics of the abuse syndrome, the different current treatment methodologies and their effectiveness, and the current and future challenges. The book presents the treatment options clearly and in concert with the latest outcome research. It does not simply give credence to "sacred cows," when, for instance, it notes that "mandatory" meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous as a sole treatment modality is not "proven" to be always effective.