The author sketches the historical development of health insurance in the U.S., noting how the social, technological, and financial constraints on the treatment of mental illness during the early years of private health insurance led to gaps in coveragefor treatment of mental illness. He examines the insurability of mental health benefits by reviewing the limited evidence from plans that have provided such benefits. After reviewing some of the recent legislative proposals for national health insurance, he sets forth the major issues requiring research and resolution and makes some recommendations to mental health professionals.Abstract Teaser