This study was carried out to test a hypothesis that the mothering practices of Okinawans afford protection against psychosis in later life. It was found (1) that Okinawan immigrants to Hawaii showed a significantly high rate of psychosis, and (2) that the mothering practices of the immigrants were similar to those of native Okinawans. It is concluded that the hypothesis is disproved.The social situation of Okinawan immigrants was reviewed. It is suggested that the meaning of cultural practices for personality development should be considered in the context of the total social setting to which psychological adjustment must be made.Abstract Teaser