1. The neuropsychiatric study of 10,000 separatees demobilized under the regulations existing during December 1945 and January 1946 showed that only 257 men (2.57%) had sufficient complaints to warrant a neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Of these, 51, or 0.51%, had a disorder sufficient in severity to cause them some degree of incapacity.2. The lay press has overestimated the psychological problem of the veteran upon returning home.3. Those cases whose neuropsychiatric disorders were precipitated by combat show a better response to reconditioning and had fewer complaints upon separation then those whose disorder was precipitated by factors other than combat.4. The disorders discussed in this paper present a group for which hospital care is neither necessary nor desirable. The veteran has learned to accept the psychiatrist while in the Army and will expect skilled professional assistance within easy availability when out of the Army.Abstract Teaser